Textiles

Major Fabric Formations

Woven Fabric
A woven fabric is composed of two basic series of yarn called warp and weft.

Knitted Fabric
Fabrics which are constructed by interlocking a series of a loop of one or more yarns by hand or by machine are called knitted Fabrics.

Non-Woven Fabric
It is produced by mixing fibers and making into the form of a thick layer of a web of a width corresponding to the desired width of the fabric.

Other Fabrics
Braids, Lace, Netting, Felt etc

Fabrics from Natural Fibers

The fibers obtained from nature are usually called natural fibers. They are fibers that are produced by animals, plants, and geological processes.

A large number of natural sources of cellulose content are often used to produce textile products. Various fiber producing plants and animals are commercially grown and raised in order to meet the growing requirements of textile products.

Readily and commercially available textile fabrics made with natural fibers are described below by the source of fibers.

Cotton Plant

Cotton Growing in a Field

Cotton to Yarn

Natural Cotton Scrim Fabric

Cotton is a natural fabric, not prone to cause allergies, light, thin and soft. Because of these qualities and the high demand, cotton is available in all colors. It breathes extremely well but does not dry quickly. It is one of the most popular and used fabrics in the world. Unfortunately, in order to grow it, many chemicals are used in the farming process.
Muslin is a loosely-woven cotton. It’s made using the plain weave technique, which means that a single weft yarn alternates over and under a single warp yarn. Muslin is known as the material used in fashion samples to test patterns before cutting and stitching the final product.
(Denim, the cloth you find in jackets and jeans, also falls in this category – cotton is woven into denim using a twill.)

Leather Fabric

Comfortable in both hot and cold condition, the leather fabric is not affected by surrounding temperature. Durable, luxurious and sustainable, it is pleasant to touch and comfortable, the leather fabric is soft, elastic and firm..

Suede.is made from the underside of the animal skin, giving it a soft surface. Suede is usually made from lambskin, but it is also made from other types of animals, including goats, pigs, calves, and deer. Suede is softer thinner, and not as strong as full-grain, traditional leather. It needs to be brushed with a wire brush to keep it fresh looking.

Ramie Fabric

Ramie Fabrics are produced from Ramie plants, a plant with heart-shaped leaves having the white underside with dense hairs. Ramie is also called China Grass since it was grown in China as a fiber crop. Ramie is one of the strongest natural fibers. It exhibits even greater strength when wet. Ramie fiber is known especially for its.

Hemp Fabric

Highly versatile hemp fabric is used in a countless number of products like shoes, furniture, apparel, accessories and home furnishing. Hemp fabric is a fabric which is commonly known for its warmth, softness, and durability. Providing beautiful lusture, hemp fabric is best for making apparel which can withstand harsh conditions are more durable. UV protected clothing fabric have an insulative quality that allows clothing to be cool in summer..

Jute Fabric

Being among the strong and durable fabric, jute fabric is ideally being used as bags or sacks for packing since ages. The jute fabric is a much-soughed item for fashionable clothes, home furnishing, and fashion accessories. The most important use of the jute fabric is in the manufacturing of carpets, linoleum, cordage, and twines. It is sometimes used as webbing to cover inner springs of the auto seats. Sometimes used as fashion accessory used for fashion garments, tapestries, soft luggage, etc.

Linen

Linen is an extremely strong, lightweight fabric made from the flax plant. Linen is a common material used for towels, tablecloths, napkins, and bedsheets, and the term “linens,” i.e. bed linens, still refers to these household items, though they are not always made out of linen fabric. The material is also used for the inner layer of jackets, hence the name “lining.” It’s an incredibly absorbent and breathable fabric, which makes it ideal for summer clothing, as the lightweight qualities allow air to pass through and moderate the body temperature.

Silk Burnout Stripe with Gold Stripe

Silk Chiffon

Silk Charmeuse

Spinning Silk

Silk Taffeta

Silk

Silk is a natural fiber produced by the silk worm, an insect, as a material for their nests and cocoons. Silk is best know for its softness, shine, luxuriousness and drape. It is an incredibly durable and strong material with a beautiful drape and sheen. Silk is used for formal attire, accessories, bedding, upholstery, and more.

Taffeta is a crisp, plain-woven fabric made most often from silk, but it can also be woven with polyester, nylon, acetate, or other synthetic fibers. It typically has a lustrous, shiny appearance. Taffeta can vary in weight from light to medium and in levels of sheerness, depending on the type of fiber used and the tightness of the weave.

Twill

Twill is one of the three major types of textile weaves, along with satin and plain weaves. The distinguishing characteristic of twill is the diagonal weave rib pattern. Twill weaves have a distinct, often darker colored front side (called the wale) with a lighter back. Twill has high thread count. The fabric is durable with a beautiful drape, and it is used for denim, chinos, upholstery, and bed linens.

Wool

Natural wool is woven from animal fur, which is a great natural insulator and really easy to dye into many different colors.

Wool fabrics can be a cross between rugged tweeds and wool challis, and sometimes both weaves are incorporated in certain clothing.

Merino Wool. Merino wool is a type of wool gathered from the coats of Merino sheep. T While traditional wool is notorious for being itchy, merino wool is one of the softest forms of wool and doesn’t aggravate the skin. This is because of the small diameter of the fine merino fibers, which makes it more flexible and pliable and therefore less itchy. Merino wool is considered a luxurious fiber and is used frequently for socks and outdoor clothing. Merino wool is known for being odor-resistant, moisture-wicking, and breathable.

Synthetics (Polyester, Nylon, Spandex, etc.)

Polyester is a man-made synthetic fiber created from petrochemicals, like coal and petroleum. Polyester fabric is characterized by its durable nature; however it is not breathable and doesn’t absorb liquids, like sweat, well. Polyester blends are also very popular as the durable fiber can add strength to another fabric, while the other fabric makes polyester more breathable.
Spandex, Also known as Lycra or elastane, is a synthetic fiber characterized by its extreme elasticity. Spandex is blended with several types of fibers to add stretch and is used for everything from jeans to athleisure to hosiery.
Jersey is a soft stretchy, knit fabric that was originally made from wool. Today, jersey is also made from cotton, cotton blends, and synthetic fibers. The right side of right side of jersey is smooth with a slight single rib knit, while the backside of jersey is piled with loops. The fabric is usually light-to-medium weight and is used for a variety of clothing and household items, like sweatshirts or bed sheets.
Rayon is a textile made from wood pulp and is treated with chemicals, which makes it a semisynthetic fabric. While it is cool and comfortable, to wear rayon has the drawback of losing its crispness, as well as bleed and/or shrink, when laundered.
Viscose is another semi synthetic type of rayon fabric made from wood pulp that is used as a silk substitute, as it has a similar drape and smooth feel to the luxury material. It is a silk-like fabric and is appealing because it is much less expensive to produce.
Modal fabric is a semi-synthetic fabric made from beech tree pulp that is used primarily for clothing, such as underwear and pajamas, and household items, like bed sheets and towels. Modal is a form of rayon. Modal is often blended with other fibers like cotton and spandex for added strength. Modal is considered a luxurious textile thanks to both its soft feel and high cost, as it is more expensive than either cotton or viscose.
Velvet is a soft, luxurious fabric that is characterized by a dense pile of evenly cut fibers that have a smooth nap. Velvet has a beautiful drape and a unique soft and shiny appearance due to the characteristics of the short pile fibers. Velvet is very popular for formal as the fabric was initially made from silk. Cotton, linen, wool, mohair, and synthetic fibers can also be used to make velvet, making velvet less expensive and incorporated into daily-wear clothes.

Mixtures of both

Modal

Modal fabric is a semi-synthetic fabric made from beech tree pulp that is used primarily for clothing, such as underwear and pajamas, and household items, like bed sheets and towels. Modal is a form of rayon, another plant-based textile, though it is slightly more durable and flexible than rayon. Modal is often blended with other fibers like cotton and spandex for added strength. Modal is considered a luxurious textile thanks to both its soft feel and high cost, as it is more expensive than either cotton or viscose.

Velvet

Velvet is a soft, luxurious fabric that is characterized by a dense pile of evenly cut fibers that have a smooth nap. Velvet has a beautiful drape and a unique soft and shiny appearance due to the characteristics of the short pile fibers. Velvet fabric is popular for evening wear and dresses for special occasions, as the fabric was initially made from silk. Cotton, linen, wool, mohair, and synthetic fibers can also be used to make velvet, making velvet less expensive and incorporated into daily-wear clothes. Velvet is also a fixture of home decor, where it’s used as upholstery fabric, curtains, pillows, and more.

Viscose

Viscose is a semi-synthetic type of rayon fabric made from wood pulp that is used as a silk substitute, as it has a similar drape and smooth feel to the luxury material. It is a silk-like fabric and is appealing because it is much cheaper to produce. Viscose is a versatile fabric used for clothing items such as blouses, dresses, and jackets, and around the home in carpets and upholstery.